16-01U
16-01U
Thermodynamic quantities of the hard-sphere system in the weakly nonequilibrium heat-conduction steady state
Pressure, internal energy, and entropy of the hard-sphere system in the weakly nonequilibrium steady state with a heat flux are calculated within the continuous media approach. Analytical expressions for them are found out in the approximation of the 4-th order in temperature gradients. It is shown that the gradient contributions to the internal energy depend on the volume, while the entropy satisfies the second law of thermodynamics for nonequilibrium processes. The calculations are performed for dimensions $3D$, $2D$, and $1D$.