Title: Inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at extreme conditions: high temperatures and high pressures
Author(s):

S.Hosokawa (Center for Materials Science using Third-Generation Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan; Institut für Physikalische-, Kern-, und Makromolekulare Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str., 35032 Marburg, Germany) ,

In this article, we review the present status of experimental techniques under extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure used for inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) experiments of liquid metals, semiconductors, molten salts, molecular liquids, and supercritical water and methanol. For high temperature experiments, some types of single-crystal sapphire cells were designed depending on the temperature of interest and the sample thickness for the X-ray transmission. Single-crystal diamond X-ray windows attached to the externally heated high-pressure vessel were used for the IXS experiment of supercritical water and methanol. Some typical experimental results are also given, and the perspective of IXS technique under extreme conditions is discussed.

Key words: particle dynamics, inelastic X-ray scattering, high temperature, high pressure, liquid, supercritical fluid